The majority of them are small enterprises (EU-OSHA 2021).įig. Over the last decade, more than 3000 enterprises have emerged in that sector. 1) demonstrates, the number of these enterprises is increasing in the long term, as indicated by the trend line with high reliability (R 2= 0.95). As the graph of the enterprise development in agriculture, forestry and fishing (Fig. 2020, 2022).įrom an occupational health and safety perspective, agriculture and forestry are highly problematic sectors that require increased attention. The impact of burning and fire suppression on aquatic and terrestrial environments also requires attention (Veľková et al. The fact that it is a material that does not resist heat must be considered (Preventing fires in baled hay and straw 2012 Štulajter et al. 2018a), while it is also promoted in the construction industry as an innovative natural insulation material (Daňková and Hejhálek 2009 Cascone et al. Concerning renewable sources, biomass is used as a fuel (Mullerová et al. Although the production and breeding of agricultural animals are decreasing (Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic 2022b), the risk of the fire remains The European Green Deal policy favours the use of agricultural products (EC 2019). Today, agricultural production is carried out through medium and small enterprises (SBA 2021). * Corresponding author: has undergone a significant change in terms of the work organisation.

Keywords: Hay Fire risk Hot surfaces Ignition temperatureĬontact information: a: Department of Fire Engineering, Faculty of Security Engineering, University of Žilina, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia, b: Department of environmental engineering, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia Iveta Marková, a,* Patrik Mitrenga, a Linda Makovická Osvaldová, a and Helena Hybská b The ignition temperature of the hay (406 ☌) can serve as a tool for fire risk assessment.ĭetermination of the Ignition Temperature of Hay for the Purposes of Fire Risk Assessment on Farms – Slovak Case Study The heterogeneity of the above specimens significantly influenced the nature of the biomass thermal degradation. At the same time, the temperature inside the tested material was monitored. Based on the above, the hot plate temperature is determined as the minimum ignition temperature of the investigated hay specimen. The hot plate has a defined temperature-time curve.

The model presented here is implemented using a hot plate device. This paper aims to experimentally observe the behaviour of hay when exposed to radiant heat. Their surface temperature at critical points can exceed the minimum ignition temperature.

Hot surfaces are an integral part of the technological processes of agricultural crop processing. ' Determination of the ignition temperature of hay for the purposes of fire risk assessment on farms - Slovak case study,' BioResources 17(4), 6926-6940. Markova, I., Mitrenga, P., Makovická Osvaldová, L., and Hybská, H.

7 days to die farming 17.4